Gas & Costs

Estimated Gas Per Operation

Based on EVM gas primitives and the FBA CLOB feasibility report. These are estimates — actual benchmarks will be measured on BSC testnet.

Operation	Gas (Low)	Gas (Typical)	Gas (High)
Place order	180k	250k	450k
Cancel order	60k	100k	180k
Modify order	300k	350k	600k
Clear batch	800k	1.5M	3.0M
Claim fill	80k	150k	250k
Pyth verify (1 feed)	200k	300k	600k
Create market	~440k	~440k	~440k

Dollar Costs (BSC)

At BNB ≈ $628, across different gas price scenarios:

Action	@ 0.05 gwei	@ 0.2 gwei	@ 1.0 gwei
Place order	$0.008	$0.031	$0.157
Cancel order	$0.003	$0.013	$0.063
Clear batch	$0.047	$0.189	$0.943
Claim fill	$0.005	$0.019	$0.094
Resolve market	$0.009	$0.038	$0.189

BSC's 2026 gas price (~0.05 gwei) makes all operations sub-cent for users and sub-5-cents for keepers.

Cost Drivers

Storage Writes

• SSTORE_SET (0→nonzero): 20,000 gas — placing a new order

• SSTORE_RESET (nonzero→nonzero): 5,000 gas — updating existing values

• Segment tree updates: ~7 levels × 5,000 gas = ~35,000 gas per update

Pyth Verification

• Wormhole attestation verification scales linearly with guardian count

• Calldata for signed update payloads: 16 gas per nonzero byte (EIP-2028)

• Single biggest gas component in resolveMarket()

Batch Clearing

• Segment tree traversal: O(log 99) ≈ 7 iterations

• Result storage: one struct write

• Does not scale with order count — this is the key efficiency of claim-based settlement

Optimization Targets

Metric	Target	Rationale
Place order	< 250k	Stay within report's typical estimate
Clear batch	< 1.5M	Ensure keeper costs remain viable
Claim fill	< 150k	Keep user costs negligible

Optimization pass in Phase 4 will benchmark real gas usage and adjust struct packing, storage layout, and tree implementation if needed.